Presentation for the lesson "the value of physical activity for human health." Presentation on the topic: "Physical activity and health of the child" presentation on the topic Download the presentation on the topic of physical activity

Consequences of hypodynamia. The activity of the heart is weakened; The activity of the heart is weakened; The metabolism is disturbed, which, in particular, is manifested by the accumulation of excess body weight; The metabolism is disturbed, which, in particular, is manifested by the accumulation of excess body weight; Muscle tissue degenerates without sufficient exercise (dystrophy); Muscle tissue degenerates without sufficient exercise (dystrophy); The relationship between muscular and mental efforts is disturbed, which leads to excessive excitation of the central nervous system. The relationship between muscular and mental efforts is disturbed, which leads to excessive excitation of the central nervous system.

Influence of hypodynamia on metabolism. Energy metabolism changes; Calcium metabolism changes, calcium is washed out of the bones; Bones lose calcium; The bones become loose, less strong; Calcium enters the bloodstream, settles on the walls of blood vessels.

Influence of hypodynamia on the skeleton. Decreases the elasticity of the articular cartilage; Decreases the elasticity of the articular cartilage; Decreases the amplitude of respiratory movements; Decreases the amplitude of respiratory movements; During movement, a small amount of articular fluid is released into the joint cavity, which plays the role of a lubricant. In the joint cavity, during movement, a small amount of joint fluid is released, which plays the role of a lubricant.

Causes of posture disorders Heredity; Heredity; Sedentary lifestyle; Sedentary lifestyle; Incorrect sitting posture; Incorrect sitting posture; Uneven development of skeletal muscles; Uneven development of skeletal muscles; Excessive weight lifting; Excessive weight lifting; Incorrectly fitted shoes. Incorrectly fitted shoes.

Causes of flat feet. Heredity; Heredity; Incorrectly fitted shoes; Incorrectly fitted shoes; Prolonged walking or standing; Prolonged walking or standing; Disease of the legs with impaired blood circulation. Disease of the legs with impaired blood circulation.

The effect of exercise on the nervous system. During physical exertion, the body produces endomorphins - hormones of joy, which have an analgesic and calming effect. Reduces excess adrenaline and other stress-provoking hormones. Promotes speech development, mental performance, and mental health.

Delayed coronary atherosclerosis Delayed coronary atherosclerosis Improves the process of gas exchange in the lungs Improves the process of gas exchange in the lungs Improves conditions for the accumulation and rational use of body energy Improves conditions for the accumulation and rational use of energy in the body Improves liver function Improves liver function Reduces cholesterol in the blood Reduces cholesterol in the blood Correction of many physical defects of the human body Correction of many physical defects of the human body The effect of systematic physical training. exercises

1. Physical activity and health
2. Rational nutrition
3. Rational organization

1 Physical activity and health.
Analysis of the conditions of evolution of the animal
the world shows that it is the movement

and ensuring life: maintaining
thermal stability, food extraction, protection
from enemies and the realization of instinct
reproduction of offspring. Exactly
improvement of forms of movement,
which provided more profitable
adaptation to changing living conditions,
was the premise of biological
evolution.
Motor activity is
an obligatory factor
conditioning the unfolding
structural and functional genetic

body programs in progress
individual development. It is generally accepted
that rational physical activity
allows you to maintain the state
human health and ability to work
high level. Adaptation to
systematic physical activity
has a pronounced anti-sclerotic
effect, lowers blood pressure in
the initial stage of hypertension,
positively affects the flow of sugar
diabetes, increases the body's resistance

to severe damaging effects.
Movement is the most powerful mechanism
energy supply to cells. Increases blood flow
4-5 times and increases breathing 20-30 times
compared to peace. This includes
reserve capacity of the body, improves
its functional state. Physical
movements: gymnastics, walking, running, breathing
exercise, bike, skiing, and so
same swimming, massage, shower, rubbing
are an important condition for maintaining
health. They promote expansion
vessels, normalization of blood circulation and
breathing, improving the general condition
organism.

increase resistance to stress, improve
sleep, etc.
In recent decades, due to
introduction of automatic machines into production and
mechanisms, man to a large extent
freed myself from the need for movement.
Over the past 150 years, the proportion of muscle energy
people in energy supply
technological processes decreased
many times (in 1852 - 94%, in 2005 -
0.15%). Modern man does not work
their muscular energy, and
mainly by the power of your mind.

It is precisely the low level of motor
experts consider human activity in
currently one of the most important
disease spreading factors
civilization.
Lack of movement - hypokinesia
causes a whole range of changes in
the functioning of the body, which
it is customary to designate as hypodynamia.
The causes of hypokinesia can be as follows
objective (physiological,
professional, clinical) and

subjective - (habitual household,
school, climatic-geographical). But
regardless of the type of hypokinesia caused by
her hypodynamic consequences
expressed in the fact that all functional
body systems that work "for
movement "(breathing, blood circulation,
digestion, blood composition, thermoregulation)
all are less in demand in their
maximum possibilities. In general
health problems that link
with physical inactivity can be imagined
in the following way:

- tissue dystrophies develop with a decrease
functional reserves;
- the coordinating and
integrating role of the movement, and each of
body systems begins to work on
provision, compensation for the weakest
link in the body, which is
pathologically altered system .;
- compensatory restructuring of all
sides of metabolism;
- the final link of stress is turned off
reactions - movement that leads to tension
nervous system with the transition of stress into
distress;

- significant changes are taking place in
immunological properties of the body and in
thermoregulation.
Thus, the conditions of modern life
lead to what is largely
the value of the formed
evolution of the basic provision
preservation and maintenance of life - movement.
Physical culture is part
common human culture aimed at
the use of various types of motor
activity to maintain and strengthen
your health.

Sport is purposeful
use of specialized
exercise to achieve
high results of their implementation in
conditions of competition with other people.
Thus, the goal of physical education
is health, and sport is the final
end result and victory over
rival, often achieved not for, but
contrary to health. Hence for
health promotion should be done
physical education.

For a wellness workout of basic
life support systems optimal
there may be the following means.
1. Cardiovascular system and blood
The best remedies are
cyclic aerobic exercise
mode: running, walking, swimming, skiing,
bicycle. Duration of execution
should gradually reach 40-60 minutes at
at least 3-4 lessons per week. When
performing cyclic exercises in
blood, the number of erythrocytes increases,

The concentration of cholesterol decreases, which
is an important factor in prevention
atherosclerosis; intensifies
anticoagulant blood system,
preventing the formation
intravascular blood clots and heart attack
myocardium.
2. The breathing apparatus also experiences
the beneficial effect of cyclical
aerobic exercise. Thanks to
breathing exercises
muscles, the elasticity of the lungs and

The lumen of the airways increases,
the vital capacity of the lungs increases and
gas exchange efficiency.
3. Central nervous system
The strength of nervous processes is brought up
through exercises of strength and speed-strength nature (work with weights,
gymnastic exercises, throwing,
jumping). The same exercises, as well as
outdoor and sports games, hardening
contribute to the improvement
balance and mobility of the nervous
processes. Influenced by exercise on

Endurance open closed and
the lumen of functioning
capillaries in the central nervous system, destruction occurs in it
and in the muscles of stress hormones - which is especially
important in high density environments
information that should be perceived and
recycle modern man.
4. Musculoskeletal system
To build muscle strength, you should
predominantly use exercises
power character with weights. These
exercise contributes not only
accumulation of energy in the muscles
capacity, but also strengthening bones.

To ensure good condition
joint exercises can be used with
multiple repetitions: for knees
joints - a bicycle, for the spine - in
lying down or in the water, etc. For
achieving the strength of ligaments, muscles,
tendon exercises can be applied
power or speed-power character,
but excluding loads along the axis of the joint.
Properly organized physical
exercise normalizes activity
gastrointestinal tract: gastric and

Intestinal secretion, activity
digestive enzymes, motor
activity. Regular exercise
not only perfect thermoregulation,
but also provide a systematic conclusion from
organism of slag substances.
Thus, correctly selected
physical activity contributes
maintaining a high functional
the level of all physiological systems, do
human activity more
economical and warn many
disease.

2. Rational nutrition
Nutrition is the leading biological
human need aimed at
preserving the life and health of the body.
Rational nutrition means
a well-chosen diet that
meets individual needs
organism, takes into account the nature of labor,
gender and age characteristics,
climatogeographic conditions
accommodation. Balanced diet
includes adherence to three main
principles:

... 1. Ensuring the balance of energy supplied
with food and human consumption in the process
life activity;
2. Meeting the body's needs for
certain nutrients;
3. Compliance with the diet.
The first principle is everything the body needs
energy comes from food. Proteins, fats and
carbohydrates are broken down into monomers, which
are used for the synthesis of substances or give in
as a result of further oxidation, energy in
the form of ATP, CO2 and HO. It is known that 1 g of protein
excretes food as a result of exchange 4 kcal,
fat - 9 kcal, carbohydrates - 4 kcal. Organism
spends energy received from food by three
2

directions: 1) General exchange is
minimum amount of energy required
a person to ensure life in
a state of rest. Calculated for
"Standard" men (30 years old, weight 65 kg) and
woman (age 30 years, weight 55 kg). Have
men it averages 1600 kcal, in
women - 1400 kcal.
2) Energy consumption for the processes of food decay.
3) Expenditure of energy for muscle activity. Have
people who are not engaged in manual labor, he
is 90-100 kcal / hour, with a lesson
physical education - 500-600 kka / hour.

If we summarize all types of energy consumption, then
average daily consumption for workers
mental labor in men, it will be
2550-2800 kcal, for women - 2200-2400 kcal;
for people engaged in hard physical
labor - 3900 - 4300 kcal. For health
both lack of dietary calories and
their excess.
The second principle K basic food
substances include proteins, fats, carbohydrates,
minerals, vitamins, water. For
meet the optimal need

The body in proteins, fats and their carbohydrates
the ratio in the diets should be
1: 1.2: 4. Proteins should occupy on average
12%, fat - 30-35% of the total calories
diet, and the rest is carbohydrates.
So far about the value for
the body of a particular food product
judged by the content in it only
nutrients and energy. Wherein
many other sides are ignored
the meaning of food, for example, its
informational role and natural (living)
biological energy. Based on this

Swiss physiologist Bircher-Benner
proposed to evaluate nutrients not by
their calorie content, and in terms of content
biological energy. According to this
all food products are subdivided into 3
groups: The first (green) group includes
foods consumed in kind,
created by nature. It's raw
vegetable products (fruits, fruits, vegetables
and green parts). In modern nutrition
human is the only natural food:
contains a lot of dietary fiber,
structured water required from the body

less energy for
digestion.
The second yellow group consists of products with
slightly weakened energy due to cleaning,
long-term storage or moderate
heating (steam). This includes bread
boiled vegetables, cereals, fruits, boiled
milk, boiled eggs.
The third (red) group - represents
danger to human health. It includes
foods with a strong weakening of energy due to
necrosis, heating or high
content of synthetic chemical additives:

cheese, boiled or fried meat, fish,
poultry, smoked meats, salinity, as well as mushrooms
(they cannot accumulate energy on their own).
Human digestive system on
over millions of years of evolution
adapted to processing and
assimilation of exclusively natural
substances, which affected the characteristics of its
structure, environment, digestive
enzymes, etc. In this regard, for everyone
type of products has its own program
sequential commissioning

departments of the digestive tract. In each of its departments, one
optimal biochemical environment that
most favorable for digestion
food data. Therefore it is logical
assume that every meal should
include mainly those products that
predominantly digested in some
the same departments of the digestive tract. On this basis,
the theory of separate feeding, which
assumes that one meal is not
should mix foods rich
both proteins and carbohydrates. One of
such systems implies the next degree
compatibility of various products in one
eating

Table

You need to plan your food
diet. This should take into account not only
human needs, but also his
individual, professional, household,
as well as the current functional state.
So, for people of asthenic constitution (
thin-boned, lean with a narrow chest
a person with a cell, with a high metabolic activity
substances) it is recommended to use more
yellow foods: grains, sweet berries and
fruits, slightly thermally processed vegetables,
fermented milk products, meat, poultry, fish,
vegetable and animal fats.

For people with hypersthenic
physique (strong skeleton, good
developed muscles, a tendency to
weight gain, decreased
metabolic activity) is recommended
warm light food: fruits, vegetables, cereals,
legumes, poultry, vegetable oils and
other Intermediate characteristics of food
recommended for people
normosthenic constitution (thin
long bones, medium muscle development
systems, intermediate exchange activity
substances)

When planning a diet, preference
should be given to products grown in
their region, which helps to increase
their adaptive capabilities, Important
matching character also matters
food seasons of the annual cycle. Summer
eat more raw vegetables and fruits, and
in winter - fats, cereals, meat, dried fruits.
The following order of admission is recommended
nutrients: liquids - fruits, vegetables,
salads are the second courses.
Do not start eating with fatty foods.
products, while the gastrointestinal mucosa is covered

An oily film that disrupts the process
secretion of digestive juices and
hinders absorption and digestion.
Water plays a very important role in
metabolic processes, digestion,
breathing, excretion, etc. Consumption
liquid (preferably water) should be 2030 minutes before meals. Not recommended
drink liquids and within 1.5-2 hours
after eating, since those who did not have time to absorb into
small intestine vitamins and minerals
salts are washed off into the lower digestive tract

provoking vitamin and mineral
failure. Every meal
it is recommended to start with raw
herbal products. Such food is rich
biological energy stimulants
human and digestive secretions
juices. The content of dietary fiber in it
requires thorough chewing, which
creates sufficient stress on the teeth and
a feeling of fullness is achieved. Such food
in the stomach does not linger long, quickly
goes into the intestines, freeing up space in

next portions of food. Coarse fibers
plant foods in the intestines
stimulate its peristalsis, adsorb
harmful substances on themselves, retain
liquid, and of them under the influence of intestinal
microflora are synthesized by some
vitamins, amino acids and other substances.
If you start eating with proteins, then
they should be in the stomach for 2-3 hours, and
fats - 4-6 hours. Also undesirable
eating plant foods for dessert,
since it is enveloped in mucus and

intermediate products,
formed as a result of digestion
their predecessors. In this case
there is a delay in the passage of food and
feces, the process of their
formation, there is no neutralization
harmful substances and synthesis necessary. Besides
addition, under the influence of microorganisms
plant foods begin to ferment with
the formation of gases, acetic acid, etc.
In the diet, 60-80% should be
vegetable, mostly raw
products: vegetables, fruits, herbs, various
cereals, porridge soaked in water. Should
try to eat more whole foods,
which contains all the necessary elements.

3) The third principle is diet
For each person, the number of meals
should be determined by the characteristics of its
vital functions - as genetically
conditioned and related to its
professional activities. So, for
a child with a high exchange rate
substances, more frequent
eating, as well as people leading
highly active lifestyle, having
increased level of gastric secretion,
hyperfunction of the thyroid gland,
suffering from diabetes.
.

And for the elderly, leading inactive
lifestyle, more rare should be recommended
meal regimen. The main criterion
next meal should be feeling
hunger.
However, in real life it can be difficult to distinguish
hunger from appetite, so it is better to schedule intake
food at a certain time of the day, introducing each
of them to a specific condition of life.
3-4 meals a day are considered optimal, with
which breaks between meals should
be 4-5 hours. But in this case, one should also take into account the form
consumed food: for
digestion of fruit only takes about 1
hours, vegetables - 4 hours, meat - 6-7 hours.
.

If you combine these recommendations with the daily
rhythm of efficiency, then breakfast - at 7-8 o'clock,
lunch - 13-14, dinner - 19-20. Between meals
there should be their own laws,
The main ones are:
- every meal should compensate already
costs incurred, rather than creating a supply of nutrients
substances for future spending.
- it is advisable to distribute the daily ration
as follows: breakfast -25%, second breakfast 15%, lunch-35%, dinner -25%.
With 3 meals a day: for breakfast -30% of the daily
ration, lunch - 45%, for dinner - 25%. Dinner should
be no later than 3 hours before going to bed.
.

Rational organization
life of a modern person
... The famous publicist D.I. Pisarev in the 19th century
wrote: "The efforts of a prudent person
should not be directed towards
repair and caulk your body, like
fragile and leaky boat, but to ensure that
arrange for yourself such a way of life, with
which organism is as small as possible
would be upset and
therefore, as little as possible needed
repair. "

... Rational organization
life activity is a system of life
of this particular person who
provides him with a high level of health and
well-being in social spheres,
professional, family and cultural
being.
The purpose of a rational organization
life activity - effective
use of methods and means of conservation
health in specific living conditions for
the most complete implementation
human capabilities in personal and
public spheres of activity.

To achieve this goal must be resolved
the following tasks:
1. Formation, preservation and strengthening
health.
2.Providing a high level of professional
performance.
3.Full implementation of biological and
social functions of a person in family and household
sphere.
4.Achievement of adequate social status through
rationalization of formed healthy
needs and regime
life activity.
5th Education of a high level of valeological
culture and introduction to healthy lifestyle.
.

The development of civilization is accompanied by everything
greater standardization of living conditions,
which a person considers as quite
acceptable, and sees a threat to himself only in
diseases, criminal and social
factors. Modern man turns out
enslaved by the standards of living conditions,
to which he must obey, and
spoiled by the availability of pleasures.
as a result, he ceases to be the master of his
life and health.
Building a rational system
life activity is a long and
laborious process., as it suggests.

Taking into account a wide range of factors, conditions in which the
the life of a given person.
She must consider
-social factors;
- professional (work schedule, nature of work);
- - family and household status;
- - taking into account the level of human culture.
- Features of the organization of life
knowledge worker
- Mental work refers to activities that
characterized by great mental and emotional
tension with weak muscle activity. To him
include many types of labor that differ in
organization of the production process,
distribution of the load and the degree of neuro-emotional tension.

Teacher labor - with high density
interpersonal contacts and the opportunity
conflicts when necessary
planned amount of work in hard
a regulated period of time.
The labor of pupils and students is associated with the development
new knowledge requiring high
the level of attention, memory for a long
time.
Intellectual labor in the process of evolution
arose later than muscular. The growth of its intensity in
the history of civilization is progressing at such a pace that
human development as a species does not keep pace with these
processes, so that modern man does not
has adequate mechanisms of adaptation to

This is due to two reasons:
1. The amount of information in the world every 10-12 years
doubles and this information man
must master. But his brain for thousands of years
hardly changed. All this requires of him
high mental stability,
prolonged nervous tension,
long-term maintenance of attention.
2. 2. In proportion to the growth of mental and
intellectual overload is reduced
employee physical activity
mental work.
3. The most serious negative for
health factors of mental work
hypodynamia, accompanied by

Deterioration of the state of the heart and blood vessels, disorders
blood pressure, metabolic disorders,
blood circulation, etc.
The specificity of mental labor is that even
after the termination of work, thoughts about her do not leave
man long enough. This leads to frequent
the development of neuroses that are the cause
the occurrence of many diseases.
Labor efficiency is determined by many factors,
a special place among which belongs to the state
working capacity It depends: 1. On individual
the characteristics of the employee; .2. Lifestyle; 3.Physical
preparedness; 4. Degrees of mastering skills
professional activity; 5. Labor conditions
activities; 6. Psychosocial factors: mood,
motivation, well-being, etc.

The performance of a person of mental labor
characterized by regular changes
in time. So, at the beginning of the working day, her
the original value is usually
low. Then in the process of work begins
actuation with a gradual increase
performance up to the optimal level.
The rate of activation in children is higher, and in
older people - lower than average people
age. It also depends on the type
temperament: it is higher in choleric
compared with a phlegmatic person and a sanguine person
compared to the melancholic.
There are ways to speed up activation:

Morning hygienic exercises, physical
exercises, preparation of the workplace, etc.
The second phase is sustainable performance.
Its duration is determined by many
factors - the type of work, its intensity,
motivation, interest, conditions of performance
and etc.
Gradually in the process of work begins
develop fatigue is temporary
decrease in performance due to
the work done. It represents
protective reaction of the body, which
physiologically associated with development in the central nervous system
transcendental braking. ...

It is manifested by a number of external factors,
which are expressed in absent-mindedness, frequent
distractions, fussy hand movements,
lack of interest, apathy, etc.
significant fatigue a person can
force yourself to do the work, however
as a result of the increased
inhibition in the central nervous system gradually develops
sharp fatigue and further
doing work becomes
impossible. However, quite often
decreased mental performance

It is not associated with fatigue, but with fatigue,
which is a subjective reflection
the employee's attitude to the completed
work. With uninteresting work, very
transcendental inhibition quickly sets in,
although the amount of work performed may be
not big, i.e. fatigue is ahead
fatigue.
Fatigue is a natural reaction
organism for the work performed, therefore
it is not a negative sign
human condition.

The more significant it turns out
fatigue, the more favorable conditions
recovery should be created.
State and dynamics of performance
are determined not only by the value
the work performed, but also the ratio
work - rest. Breaking this
ratio due to inadequate rest,
can lead to a state of fatigue, prolonged and persistent decline
performance, accompanied by
functional disorders in the central nervous system.

which can subsequently provoke a nervous pathology,
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive systems.
2 Methods and means of providing mental
operability
1. Motor activity performed during
work interruptions, helps prevent
the onset of premature mental fatigue, and
after work - allows you to eliminate redundant
accumulated stress hormones
2. Active rest - physical education, performed
hourly for 1-1.5 minutes; physical training pauses,
performed for 4-5 minutes in the middle of the 1st and 2nd
half a working day. The simplest can be used
gymnastic exercises: at lunchtime
it is advisable to perform several strength exercises or
speed - power character within 5-7 minutes, and after
eating quietly.
.

.Outside working hours - morning
hygienic gymnastics, exercises for
cerebrovascular training
It has been found that most people
a certain sequence
changes in performance - rhythm. IN
depending on the rise time, they
are subdivided into morning type (larks) and
evening (owls). Larks have vigor and
performance is maintained throughout
working day with maximum
working capacity at 10-11 and 17-18 hours,
after which they begin to decline and by 20-21

The hours are low. Owls
waking up hard, hard entering the work
rhythm. Work gradually
builds up in the afternoon and reaches
the highest value by 18-22 hours. it
must be considered when planning
your working day.
3. Features of planning and
organizing rational
life activity

.Based on a deliberate approach to organization
its life should lie
clear planning based on
the most rational use
time in accordance with life
installations, individual
features, specifics and mode
professional activities, family
status and subject to it
health-preserving orientation.
Time for a person has a special
importance, therefore it must be appreciated and
make the most of it.

... Therefore, every component of the lifestyle
should be planned in accordance with those
life attitudes, priorities,
which a person has determined for himself. With this
approach, these planning priorities will
the backbone factor around which
all other conditions will be considered
life activity. Lack of planning
leads to the fact that any work, if not
its time limits are determined, maybe
postponed and its completion may be
deferred indefinitely.

... In this case, in everyday behavior
emphasis in timing
carried over from main priorities to
minor, or not conducted at all
time tracking - then minutes add up
hours, days, of days - years are irrational
lived life. Shouldn't waste time and
forces on the insignificant. In every given
moment a person must have some
important matter, but from the content of the plan. But
for this, there must be
goals for a specific period of time.

... The goal must be real,
achievable. To achieve it, you need
define tasks. Then follows each of
schedule tasks according to the content of actions and
determine the deadlines for each of
of these species. The next step is
subdivision of all kinds
life activity depending on
priorities for groups A, B, C. Within each
from groups you also need to install
priority by importance. First you need
perform the main actions from group A,

since they must provide 80% success.
If something is not regularly executed from
groups B and C, then these types of work should
exclude. Periodically (daily
in the evening, once a week, a month)
analyze the implementation of the plan.
This will help to tidy up your regime.
or the organization of life.
Every person should have
strategic life goals that
implemented tactically, at each given
time period. Ordered mode
life activity

... In accordance with the tasks
leads to the formation in humans
daily and weekly regularity and
periodicity of alternation of elements
regime. Due to this, the central nervous system develops
specific sequence system
conditioned reflexes - dynamic
stereotype that makes life itself
more economical and efficient.
Since a person's life in relation
the regime is not absolutely standard,
therefore develop a regime
vital activity is necessary taking into account

Load irregularities. From this point
vision is more rational
weekly mode, in which the main
components of life
repeated with a certain
periodicity.
The main requirement for the regime should
be a regular alternation of periods
work and leisure.

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Slide captions:

Physical activity and health of the child

Motor activity is a natural need of children for movement, the satisfaction of which is the most important condition for the harmonious development of a child, his state of health.

Relevance of the topic: Physical education is one of the main tasks of educating young children. Movement is an organic need for a child, and the smaller he is, the more difficult it is for him to do without movement. The competent organization of the motor activity of young children is to take into account the peculiarities of the higher nervous activity of young children. The teacher must properly organize walks and other regime processes so that the child can satisfy the needs for movement during the day. Thus, this topic is relevant, since the development of physical activity, its organization has a direct impact on the physical and neuropsychic, intellectual development of a young child, as well as on the formation of his behavior.

The preschooler's motor activity must correspond to his experience, interests, desires, and functional capabilities of the body. Therefore, teachers need to take care of the organization of children's motor activity, its diversity, as well as the fulfillment of the main tasks and requirements for its content.

Formation of the need for physical activity in pupils during regime moments in organized children's activity in independent children's activity in interaction with families

during regime moments Individual work Morning exercises, gymnastics after sleep Walk (morning / evening) Physical education in the classroom Dynamic pauses

during regime moments, a preschool child needs to take from 9000 to 10500 steps a day on average to satisfy the need for movement. In free wakefulness, when walking, running, playing, the child walks 23 km a day.

in organized children's activities Individual work Outdoor games and game exercises Physical games-classes in the gym and in the air Rhythmic, dance movements Productive activity of Zdraviada

in organized children's activities If children's movements were limited in the first half of the day, the children will do what is necessary in the evening

in independent children's activities Independent motor activities of children Play activities Play exercises Outdoor folk sports games

in independent children's activities If you did not go for a walk, then within a few days they compensate for the lack of movement

when interacting with families Consultations at the request of parents Sports and physical leisure and holidays Seminars-workshops Days of open doors Excursions Registration of information materials

when interacting with families If they sat a lot during the day, they will sleep badly and not calmly at night

Accumulation and enrichment of children's motor experience (mastering basic movements) during regime moments in organized children's activity in independent children's activities in interaction with families

Psychologist V.N.Ilyina notes that restrictions on movements, prohibitions, etc. lead to the accumulation of negative emotions and aggressive impulses. Movement for a child is not only bodily joy: motor abilities are very closely intertwined with intellectual and spiritual ones. Mastering walking opens a new stage in the spatial orientation of the baby. For knowledge of the world, the child does not have any tools, except for his body. Through bodily interaction with objects, the baby learns the distances between them, their size and shape, stability and many other different properties. Traveling leads to a change in the angle of view, the emergence of a perspective to expand the horizons. Perception becomes three-dimensional.

It can be concluded that when working with preschool children it is necessary: \u200b\u200bfirst, to take into account the age, individual, morphological characteristics of children. Second, there must be proper adult leadership in organizing children; organized change of activities during the day, prevention of inactive states of children. Correctly created conditions for upbringing will help to avoid fatigue of the nervous system, and therefore, will help to avoid outbursts of irritability in the behavior of children, and will contribute to the full physical, neuropsychic, emotional development of young children.

The main principle of a modern teacher is: "You don't need to teach, but you need to live an interesting common life with your children." THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Physical activity. Physical activity affects the preservation and strengthening of human health. Exercise increases overall tone and performance, and also stimulates the body's defenses - increasing resistance to adverse environmental influences.

Aerobic and strength exercises. Aerobic exercise increases oxygen supply to tissues. Natural exercise is more beneficial than indoor exercise. Aerobic exercise increases oxygen supply to tissues. Natural exercise is more beneficial than indoor exercise. Strength training involves strengthening and increasing muscle size. Strength training involves strengthening and increasing muscle size.

Motor activities. Motor activities. Morning exercises, physical education lessons, walks and games in the open air, help around the house and school. The total duration of movements in the daily routine should be: at 7 - 10 years - 4 - 5 hours; in years - about 4 hours; at 15 - 17 years old - hours.

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Slide captions:

Correct physical activity of a preschooler. The presentation was prepared by: physical education instructor Kovenya G.N.

What is physical activity? Motor activity is a natural need of children for movement, the satisfaction of which is the most important condition for the harmonious development of a child, his state of health. It should correspond to his experience, interests, desires and functional capabilities of the organism.

Recent studies show that the functional capabilities of the child's body are not implemented at the proper level in the process of different types of physical culture classes. In addition, the motor activity of preschoolers during their stay in kindergarten is less than 50% of the waking period, which does not fully meet the child's biological need for movement. The physical activity of preschoolers is an important indicator of the physical readiness of children to learn at school.

The importance of physical activity

Lack of physical activity leads to: Increased morbidity of the body Decreased indicators of physical development Overweight Hypodynamia

From insufficient use of vital energy (due to the limitation of active movements), excessive stress accumulates in the child's body. This, on the one hand, is a source of relatively rapid fatigue, and on the other, his movements lose their naturalness, spontaneity, and become angular. Over time, this gives rise to problems of a different kind: in physical education classes, which are mandatory in kindergarten, and then at school, such a child may not be successful - peers see this, and the child himself feels it very painfully.

Indicators of physical activity of a preschooler 3-4 years old - 11000 - 12500 movements, and from them in the classroom according to FC 850-1370 movements 4-5 years old - 11000 -13000 movements, of which in classes according to FC 1100 -1700 movements, 5-6 years - 13,000 - 14,500 movements, of which in the classroom according to FC 1800 -2000 movements, 6-7 years old - 13000 -15500 movements, of which in the classroom according to FC 2000 -2400 movements

The d schooler is "active, but his activity is expressed, first of all, in movements." Children are very different in their physical activity. Even during routine observation, children of medium, large and low mobility can be distinguished. Children of great mobility are always noticeable, although they make up about one fourth to one fifth of the total number of children. They find the ability to move in any conditions. Of all the types of movements, they often choose running, jumping, avoiding movements that require precision and restraint. Their movements are fast, sharp, often aimless. Due to the high intensity of motor activity, they seem to have no time to grasp the essence of their activity, they cannot control their movements to the proper extent. Excessive mobility is a strong irritant for the nervous system, therefore, children are characterized by unbalanced behavior, more often than others they find themselves in conflict situations, they have difficulty falling asleep, and restlessly sleep.

Children of average mobility are distinguished by the most even and calm behavior, uniform mobility throughout the day. There are about half of such children or a little more in the group. They are independent and active, their movements are confident, clear, purposeful.

The most vulnerable is the body of children with low mobility. They are characterized by general lethargy, passivity, they get tired faster than others. In contrast to mobile children who know how to find space for games, they try to go aside so as not to disturb anyone, choose activities that do not require intense movements. They are shy in communication, not confident in themselves, do not like games with movements. Low mobility is a risk factor for a child. It is explained by his ill health, lack of conditions for movement, negative psychological climate, weak motor skills, or the fact that the child is already accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle, which is especially alarming.

Techniques for guiding children's motor activity. The guidance of the motor activity of children with great mobility is aimed not at reducing their motor activity, but at regulating the intensity of movements. Let the children move in time as much as possible - it is important to program such a composition of movements that require concentration of attention, restraint, accuracy. Children need to be specially taught the exact movements: throwing at the target, rolling the ball over a limited area (floorboard, track with two cords, gymnastic bench, etc.), catching the ball, hitting it off the floor. All types and methods of climbing are useful, exercises in balance, general developmental exercises on a limited area (flat circle on the floor, block, bench, board). A special regulating technique is the introduction of meaningful content into motor activity. When running aimlessly, for example, a child can be reminded of the plots of the game in a car, plane, train, etc.

When guiding the motor activity of children of average mobility, it is enough to create the necessary conditions, i.e. provide room for movement, time, toys - motors, exercise equipment and aids. Physiologists advise to rely more boldly on "self-regulation", which they manifest quite clearly.

Sedentary children should be fostered with an interest in movement, the need for mobile activities. Particular attention is paid to the development of all basic movements, especially intense ones (running, jumping - their different ways). Sedentary children are involved in vigorous physical activity throughout the day. You should make sure that it is interesting, easy-going for children. There is no need to be afraid that children will get tired. This will never happen if you provide conditions for a variety of movements in physical culture, play, work activities individually with a teacher or in a team of children. A variety of physical training aids, toys - engines will help in this. It is useful to recall here the instructions of physiologists: children do not get tired if they often change their movements, their pace, amplitude, and place of performance. In this case, there is a natural rest (active rest). Various motor activity not only does not tire the child, but on the contrary - relieves fatigue, activates memory and thinking.

Attaching special importance to the role of physical activity in strengthening the health of preschoolers, it is necessary to determine priorities in the daily routine. The first place in the motor regime of children belongs to physical culture and health related activities. These include well-known types of physical activity: morning exercises, outdoor games and physical exercises during walks, physical exercises in classes with mental stress, physical warm-ups between classes, health running in the air; gymnastics after a nap; motor warm-up during a break between classes; individual work with children on the development of movements and the regulation of the DA of children on an evening walk; walking trips to the park;

The second place in the motor mode of children is taken by physical culture lessons - as the main form of teaching motor skills and the development of optimal DA for children. Conduct physical education classes at least three times a week, preferably in the morning (one outdoors).

The third place is given to independent motor activity arising at the initiative of children. It gives a wide scope for the manifestation of their individual motor abilities. Independent activity is an important source of activity and self-development of a child. Its duration depends on the individual manifestations of children in motor activity, and therefore the pedagogical guidance of the independent activity of children should be built taking into account the level of DA. Along with the listed types of physical culture classes, active rest, physical culture events, in which parents and children of a neighboring preschool educational institution can take part, are of no small importance. Such activities include a week of health, physical culture leisure, physical culture and sports events in the air and water, competition games, and sports days.

The most favorable time for the realization of children's need for movement is a walk. If a physical culture or music lesson took place in the first half of the day, then it is advisable to organize games and exercises in the middle or at the end of the walk, and at the very beginning to provide an opportunity to play independently, on other days it is advisable to organize the motor activity of children at the beginning of the walk, which will enrich their content subsequent independent games.

Physical activity during a walk should include

Younger preschool age Children are characterized by an emotional, direct perception of the toy, the image given in the game. It is known that so-called animism is characteristic of children - animating animals, involuntarily endowing them with human qualities. And the educator should rely on this feature of children. Various elements of costumes and masks significantly enliven the game. For children of this age, we use very simple games, built in most cases on one action, and the teacher immediately prompts this action to the children.

Middle preschool age In the middle group, children are already interested in the result of actions performed, efforts expended. They strive to necessarily run away from the catcher, climb higher, jump further, etc. At the same time, they still love story games. It is assumed that the movements of children have become more perfect, coordination has improved. Therefore, in the course of the game, the teacher's attention should now be directed to improving running, jumping, climbing. Consequently, games should be selected so that there is a gradual complication of movements.

S older preschool age In the older group, children should know different rhymes. In addition to outdoor games, these groups use relay races based on a specific task. These games can be carried out with the whole group or with several children. There are games that cannot be organized with a large number of children, but they are very useful. These are mainly games with objects, toys (balls, jump ropes, hoops, flags, etc.). During the stay of children in the air, it is necessary to involve children in outdoor games several times, choosing the right moments for them. It so happens that a child does not know what to do, starts to play naughty, interfere with others. This is where you need to invite him to play with the ball, roll the hoop, jump over the rope, depending on what kind of movements he needs to exercise, what muscle groups to train. In the older group, there should be a supply of well-learned games that children can play at any time both with a teacher and on their own.

Resources for the development of physical activity Sports ground (treadmill, football goal, basketball hoops, exercise equipment). Play area (outdoor material, attributes for games and exercises, maximum use of the court space) Sports hall (balls, hoops, jump ropes, skittles, ribbons, etc.) Sports corner in a group (attributes and task cards ...) Music hall

Did you know: that the child needs to move more on Wednesday and Thursday; most of all, the child needs movement from 10 to 12 hours and from 15-17 hours. days; in the spring and summer period, the child's physical activity increases; deprivation of the child of movement can cause stuttering and a nervous breakdown; any habit is developed within 21 days (for example, doing exercises).

Movement is life! Thanks for your attention!